COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable lung disease. People with COPD have shortness of breath, cough early morning and feel tired. A person with COPD may have Chronic Bronchitis or Emphysema, or a combination of both conditions

Early in the disease, people with COPD may feel short of breath when they exercise. As the disease progresses, it can be hard to breathe out (exhale) or even breathe in (inhale).

Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis is one type of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). The inflamed bronchial tubes produce a lot of mucus. This leads to coughing and difficulty breathing. Cigarette smoking is the most common cause. Breathing in air pollution, fumes, or dust over a long period of time may also cause it.

Emphysema

Emphysema is a disease of the lungs. It occurs most often in smokers, but it also occurs in people who regularly breathe in irritants. Emphysema destroys alveoli, which are air sacs in the lungs. The air sacs weaken and eventually break, which reduces the surface area of the lungs and the amount of oxygen that can reach the bloodstream. This makes it harder to breathe, especially when exercising. Emphysema also causes lungs to lose their elasticity.

Symptoms of COPD

  • Chest congestion, when your chest feels full or clogged.
  • Cough with mucus that’s either white, yellow, or green.
  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing or a whistling sound when you breathe
  • Body aches and chills
  • Low fever
  • Sore Throat
  • Lack of energy

Causes

  • Smoking : Cigarette smoke, cigar smoke, pipe smoke, and secondhand smoke can cause COPD. Your risk of COPD is even greater if you have asthma and smoke.
  • Long exposure to dust & chemical fumes
  • Alpha-1 Antitrypsin deficiency.
  • You have asthma and allergies.

Prevention

  • Quit Smoking
  • Get the flu vaccine and pneumonia vaccine

Diagnosis

Dr Indu Bubna Bronchitis Specialist in Malad will diagnose your problem after taking your history and physical examination.

  • Check the oxygen levels in your blood (ABG)
  • Lung function test(PFT/Spirometry)
  • Chest X-ray or HRCT chest
  • Blood tests.
  • Test your mucus to rule out diseases caused by bacteria

Treatment

  • Bronchodilators
  • Inhaled Steroids
  • Mucolytics
  • Home Oxygen in type 1 respiratory failure
  • Bipap in type 2 Respiratory Failure
  • Dr. Indu Bubna, a pulmonologist in Mumbai, will determine the right treatment for you based on the severity of COPD.